What is the Problem, condition or disease you are interested in? ?�IH" � �p��}�����ػ�. What are the characteristics of the Population or patient? Using one of these formats will assist you to find out the key concepts of the research question, develop applicable search terms and determine inclusion and exclusion criteria. What are the characteristics of the Population or the patient? in a specific country, community, in a hospital, in a care home etc. STEP 6- Analyse and interpret your results, Alternatives to drugs for controlling headaches in children. Example:  retention of A & E nurses in the NHS. Impact - what is the change in the service, if any, which is being looked for? Service - for which service are you looking for information? This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

the patients, the health professionals., the carers etc. Refine results. PICO is a useful tool for asking focused clinical questions. SPIDER can be used for both qualitative and quantitative studies: Sample size may very in qualitative and quantitative studies. Research Guides Biomedical Sciences Frameworks (PICO & PEO) Biomedical Sciences. The most common frameworks are: PICO (for clinical / quantitative research topics) PEO, SPIDER or SPICE (for qualitative research topics) CLIP or ECLIPSE (for topics relating to health management, policies, economics) PEO Questions – for qualitative research P: Who are the affected population - patients, family, practitioners or community? Comparison - what intervention is this being compared with (a comparison is not always necessary) Denzin and Lincoln (1994, 2005) divide the history of 20th-century qualitative social science research, broadly defined, into … Comparison - is the intervention being compared with another?

PICOC- here the C stands for context (you can use this framework if you are focussing on a particular organisation or particular circumstances). %�쏢 Resources, tips, and tricks for anatomy, physiology, and neurobiology. What are the symptoms, condition, health status, age, gender, ethnicity? USING PEO TO FORM THE RESEARCH QUESTION. Example: In infants, is there an association between exposure to soy milk and the subsequent development of peanut allergy ( Levine, Ioannidis, Haines, & Guyatt, 2014 )? acute care, community, mental health? The PICO and PEO formats are used commonly in health research and nursing to form a research question. Qualitative research often uses either the PEO framework where P is population, E is exposure and O is outcome, or the PICo framework where P is population.

Evaluation - the outcome measures, Example: Attitudes of carers of people with dementia towards reminiscence therapy. Your topic may not fit perfectly into a framework, just using part of a framework can be sufficient. Using a framework allows you to structure your question by clarifying the main concepts of your topic you want to focus on. Professionals - what health professionals are involved in the service? To develop an effective search strategy, use the PICO worksheet below. Outcomes - what do you hope to accomplish, improve or affect? Population/ Patient/ Problem - Who are the users - patients, family, practitioners or community being affected? Questions based on this format identify three concepts: (1) P opulation, (2) E xposure, and (3) O utcome(s) . This framework helps identify discrete and searchable aspects of a situation where a patient or population has a … Exposure - what is the issue I'm interested in? What are the experiences of patients with pressure sores who receive treatment at home?

changes to lifestyle?). Research Type: S ample size may very in qualitative and quantitative studies. What are their symptoms, condition, health status, age, gender, ethnicity? Useful Links Slightly different versions of this concept are used to search for quantitative and qualitative reviews, examples are given below. <> Location - where is the client group or service located PEO. The PEO question format is useful for qualitative research questions. Here is an example of a clinical question that outlines the PICo components: See the completed example worksheet below. changes to lifestyle? P henomena of I nterest include behaviours, experiences and interventions: D esign influences the strength of the study analysis and findings: E valuation outcomes may include more subjective outcomes - such as views, attitudes, etc. What would constitute success? Standardized systematic search strategies facilitate rigor in research. The PEO Model has the potential to provide a meaningful framework in which to conceptualise patients in an acute physical health care setting. The framework you should use depends on the type of topic you will be researching. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. What is the setting e.g. Outcomes or themes - what, in relation to the issue, do I want to examine?

Within social sciences research, SPICE may be more appropriate for formulating research questions: Setting is the context for the question - where, https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/systematic.

Using one of these formats will assist you to find out the key concepts of the research question, develop applicable search terms and determine inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evaluation - outcome measures. 5 0 obj If this is the case with your topic use only the parts of a framework which do fit. Intervention - what intervention is being examined? Example:  Alternatives to drugs for controlling headaches in children, I - alternatives to drugs (complementary therapies? The PEO framework is used to develop effective scientific questions for qualitative research purposes.. PEO stands for Population, Exposure, and Outcomes. Focus review process to relevant results. Does the quality of life (outcome or theme) change when women on HRT (population and problems) are diagnosed with breast cancer (exposure)?

The PEO framework lends itself more to qualitative research. Interest- a defined event, experience, activity or process, Context- a setting or distinct characteristics. Population - who is my question focussed on? acute care, community, mental health? Patient, Population or Problem- who and/or what is my question focussed on? PICO is a popular framework for clinical questions, especially those relating to therapy (intervention) effectiveness. 6 or/1-5 Embase search terms 1 qualitative research/ 2 exp interview/ 3 exp questionnaire/ Sample - the group of people being looked at, because qualitative research is not easy to generalize, sample is preferred over patient. The daily living experiences of mothers with postnatal depression, experiences of daily living/quality of life, Attitudes of carers of people with dementia towards reminiscence therapy, Young parents experiences of attending ante-natal education, attendance at ante-natal education classes, Ways of improving health visiting services to elderly in rural communities, https://libguides.city.ac.uk/postgraduate_research, Use a framework to structure your question, Establish your Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria, Manage results in EBSCOhost & Ovid Online. Design - the form of research used, such as interview or survey.

PEO Questions – for qualitative research P: Who are the affected population - patients, family, practitioners or community? Perspective - from whose perspective is the study done e.g.

Image sources: Disney Origins Podcast / Disney; Harry Potter Wikia / Warner Bros. PICO is a popular framework for clinical questions, especially those relating to therapy (intervention) effectiveness. A.2.4 Qualitative search terms Medline search terms 1 qualitative research/ 2 exp interviews as topic/ 3 exp questionnaires/ 4 health care surveys/ 5 (qualitative or interview* or focus group* or theme* or questionnaire* or survey*).ti,ab. Help is available through written guides; videos and links.

The PEO framework can be useful for qualitative topics. complementary therapies? %PDF-1.4 Not all topics will fit perfectly into a framework. x��]�$�m�t��n���eY�${$9���u���N��@�/�)���N ���a=ɪfWO��l��v��b��d�����(�a Research type - qualitative, quantitative and/or mixed methods. ... PEO is another framework that is especially useful when investigating a prognosis or likelihood of developing a certain condition as a result of a pre-existing condition or exposure.

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