And what's interesting is that when reports then circulate online that Angie is a fake, she then attacks the people going after her - basically to say that they're part of this conspiracy theory. 3) Reread the last two stanzas of the Tale. And so it shows the power of social media and how it can sort of rewrite the narrative, and then in turn that incident is leveraged into playing out with impact on our own politics as part of the changes in the 2016 election.

by consulting the g

So then you'll go to your brother and say, hey, you know, get it together. He writes about conflict and social media, was recently a research fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. …, When prioritizing tasks, students should remember to Undermined It crowd sources, so to speak.

Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Synonyms/Examples What we can say is the scale of that was immense and that the Russians believe it worked because they're coming back for more. DAVIES: You know, you make the point again that scale matters. And you describe the appearance in 2017 of somebody on social media named Angie Dixon (ph).

It's even used in dating profiles, so it affects how attractive the person you're going to be able to go on dates or even marry.

The 'Weaponization' Of Social Media — And Its Real-World Consequences P.W.

5) What are two of the central ideas of the Wife of Bath's Tale? So just to be sure we understand this. And in many ways, what Israel has done has created a model for other militaries around the world that are looking at this and saying, maybe we need to engage in this kind of reorganization too. Think-Pair-Share- “How can you figure out what is happ

People should be able to share their views on gay marriage, for example, with their friends on social media, without running afoul of an employer who disagrees with them.

My computer keeps freaking out! Turn them up to the maximum so only the people you are actually connected with can view your newsfeed. DAVIES: Right. …. And like any other military, they learn - they reorganize.

Almost a quarter of the world’s population is on Facebook or any other form of social media. And what's worrying, as we look ahead, is that these bots don't necessarily need to be active now.

(SOUNDBITE OF AVISHAI COHEN SONG, "GBEDE TEMIN"), DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR, and we're speaking with P.W. And he was the subject of not one or two but three assassination attempts by rival gang members. basically reasons like that. complete all tasks on

DAVIES: Emerson Brooking, P.W. And they were equipped with dusty pickup trucks and second hand AK-47s of these militant groups past. Your best option here is damage control. And each of those is powerful in and of themselves. We all know that you can establish a fake account, make up a name and get on a social media platform like Twitter. But it also had strategic and tactical military impact. They are determined to make sure that they are only dealing with the right people. Social media is a mine field for your personal reputation. Accuracy and availability may vary. What did they do? It's about hijacking the network's own algorithms. And John Powers will review the new film "22 July," based on the story of a terrorist attack on a summer camp in Norway in 2011. For a start, go out of your way to delete the offending status and hope nobody has taken a screenshot of it.Secondly, don't just pretend it never happened. Will it make it harder for them to negotiate if the whole world knows that they've been insulted and they've done nothing about it?

Social media was created to help people maintain connections, network, and obtain information. It causes them to decide to run away, this army that's much larger, backed by the most powerful military in the world, the U.S. military. We have this question of, what happens when leaders of nations are interacting in the same way, when they're having these beefs in front of the world? SINGER: The same way that you can enlist in Taylor Swift's army of Swifties (ph), you can enlist in the Israeli Defense Forces online army. And you cite a fascinating example, a new, rapid communications medium transforming a military offensive. The same thing played out during the Kavanaugh hearing where he used a term in his - a high school yearbook that was a sexual term. Something that these Russian operatives - but anyone who wants to manipulate social media conversation - something they're increasingly doing is creating accounts and having them lie dormant and have a history of messages that seem authentic and benign and not related to a hot political event. And they're now coming to terms with the fact that they play, like it or not, a very powerful role in elections, in the national discourse and have to take some responsibility for dealing with this content - which is a huge challenge just because of the sheer volume, billions of posts a day and, you know, the subtle task of figuring out what is acceptable and what is not and that there is a developing tool called neural networks.

DAVIES: You also cite an example from another part of the world where social media can lead and it can affect events on the ground.

In the event that you are currently involved in legal proceedings, the private law firm Jaroslawicz & Jaros says that it's better not to post at all. As more and more people are using social media, this area has become a common ground for employees to post information about their jobs, their personal lives, their views and other aspects of their lives that do not pertain to their work. Learn Handout 3A, 3B, 3C They figure how to fight back. More and more Americans now relate to one another through the computer better than they do face to face.

You want to give us an example of that? He was a Gangster Disciple, and he wanted everyone to know it. And so, you know, it's up for the historians to, you know, argue about whether it swung the election or not in such a close election. It's about how social media has been weaponized for political campaigns, uprisings and wars. But like everything else, it's also going to be weaponized.

Singer is a strategist at New America and a consultant to the U.S. military and intelligence community. SINGER: So originally the Israeli military is not ready for this whole space.

What figurative language is this? BROOKING: So it was actually the 2012 Pillar of Defense operation - eight days of Israeli airstrikes - that drew Peter and myself to this subject originally and got us researching it ever since.

One-third were these artificial voices.

So for example, if you buy diapers, your score goes up because you're a good parent. SINGER: Yes. It can destroy businesses and it can even lead to serious legal problems. The New York Times just reported that in 2016 Rick Gates, then-deputy campaign manager for Donald Trump, requested proposals from an Israeli company to create fake online identities and use social media manipulation to help defeat Trump's rivals for the Republican nomination in the primary and Hillary Clinton in the general election. Is it hundreds of thousands, tens of millions?

And there are many examples where social media have been used to fuel popular uprisings, the most striking example in the Arab Spring. Social media is a mine field for your personal reputation. There's been a lot of attention paid to the Russian efforts to interfere with the 2016 elections.

DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR, and we're speaking with Emerson Brooking. And their job - and it has its own training programs and accreditation systems. One of the challenges of this space is that we don't have a good handle on the lingo.

And it is a very large army. BROOKING: That's right. In time, Hamas Twitter proxies respond, threatening war and hellfire. It's something that, for example, Russia is specialized in.

How did the United States change in the years following the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

It's going to be monetized for profit.

You say that when Donald Trump announced for president in 2015, 58 percent of his Facebook followers were from outside the United States, right?

It may be the case that you're reading this after already committing a mistake.

DAVIES: Wow. Singer is a strategist at New America, a consultant for the U.S. military and intelligence community and the author of several books.

And the impact that this was not just what the Russians were pushing but the echo effect and to the broader population, including the media itself. And what's notable about this - what goes in a way that Orwell never could have imagined is the network side of it.

And radio proved to be the secret sauce, so to speak, for everything from the political changes, the rise of Nazism. But if 58 percent of the followers from outside the U.S., can we infer that a lot of them are fake? The posts can be racist, and that person will have to deal with many comments about how immature, and disgusting they are or someone will post something that is body-shaming, and they are going to have many comments that will be causing them to rethink, they'll delete it, but screenshots exist. And that's why it's at the origin of so many of these fights. So you have this back-and-forth, back-and-forth. Our country is hardly the only one in which political opinions have been manipulated by millions of fake social media accounts promoting messages that are slanted or even made up.

And we saw many of the same things play out in the rise of ISIS at a broader level, but also its military operation, its surprise invasion of Iraq that allowed it to defeat a force that was multiple times bigger. This is FRESH AIR.

You look at the Israeli incursions into the Gaza Strip and its battles with Hamas, and you write that the Israeli military efforts were accompanied by a viral online marketing campaign.

But it's the stated intent of the Chinese Communist Party that this will be a unitary score in place for every Chinese Internet user, of which there are about 800 million, by the year 2020.

DAVIES: Let's talk about social media in political campaigns. (I selected yes).

FRESH AIR'S Dave Davies spoke to them about their new book, "Like War: The Weaponization Of Social Media.". So these bot nets drive viral different points of view that then push that up into the news feed. Even the most harmless of status updates could find its way into court, and it could cause your entire case to go against you.

It matters a great deal if someone, say, finds your Facebook account or trolls you or leaves a disrespectful Instagram comment. What we've seen in gang violence across this country is that much of it has migrated to social media because so much of being in a gang is about face and it's about fronting. This extra time can be all that's required to stop you posting something that you're going to regret.

modify the schedule as needed. And this set a model that we're starting to see in all future conflicts. SINGER: And two things stand out about it. And so neural networks can be used, like any other technology, for both good and bad. Companies tend to use it in order to schedule social media posts in advance, but it also allows you some time to think about your status updates prior to them going public. If you put up an effective post on Twitter or Facebook or Instagram, that's one thing. The cause may not be the same, but the tactics are.

TOPIC: Social Media Essay – Effect of Social Media on Individuals & Society (1500 words) Social Media Essay. Now, that narrative that was pushed online points to a second thing that played out - the spread of disinformation, the spread of alternative theories, the idea of burying the truth underneath a sea of lies. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future.

What do we know about her?



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