These cookies do not store any personal information. crye oute unto us"; an excerpt from, John White Returns to King Philip III and Don Pedro de Zúñiga (1607–1608), Letters between King Philip Should anyone presume to attempt this, be it known to him that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God and of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul. from, The Story of Marguerite de Why was it impossible for Spain, or indeed any other European nation, to realize the extent of the territory Spain controlled after May 1493. illustrious sovereigns, our very dear son in Christ, Ferdinand, king, and our very In the US Supreme Court in the 1823 case Johnson v. McIntosh, Chief Justice John Marshall’s opinion in the unanimous decision held "that the principle of discovery gave European nations an absolute right to New World lands." Moreover we command you in virtue of holy obedience that, employing all due diligence in the premises, as you also promise—nor do we doubt your compliance therein in accordance with your loyalty and royal greatness of spirit—you should appoint to the aforesaid mainlands and islands worthy, God-fearing, learned, skilled, and expeienced men, in order to instruct the aforesaid inhabitants and residents in the Catholic faith and train them in good morals. But inasmuch as it would be difficult to have these present letters sent to all places where desirable, we wish, and with similar accord and knowledge do decree, that to copies of them, signed by the hand of divkna notary public commissioned therefor and sealed with the seal of any ecclesiastical officer or ecclesiastical court, the same respect is to be shown in court and outside as well as anywhere else, as would be given to these presents should they be exhibited or shown. Background Columbus' discovery in 1492 of supposedly Asiatic lands in the western seas threatened the unstable relations between the kingdoms of Portugal and Castile, which had been jockeying for position and possession of colonial territories along the African coast for many years. Inter caetera “Among other [works]” was a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on the fourth of May quarto nonas maiiwhich granted to the Catholic Majesties of Ferdinand and Isabella as sovereigns of Castile all lands to the “west and south” of a pole-to-pole line leagues west and south of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde islands. In essence, American Indians had only a right of occupancy, which could be abolished. The king’s scholars and navigators reviewed Columbus’s documentation, determined that his calculations grossly underestimated the diameter of the Earth and thus the length of the voyage, and recommended against subsidizing the expedition. In the following bull, Pope Alexander VI decrees that all newly discovered lands west of AD The Pope asserts rights to colonize, convert, and enslave. Gratis by order of our most holy lord, the pope.
The king and queen of Castile disputed this and sought a new Papal Bull on the subject. The bull makes note that the Catholic Monarchs “had intended to seek out and discover certain islands and mainlands remote and unknown” but had been otherwise engaged in the conquest of Granada. In the following bull, Pope Alexander VI decrees that all newly discovered lands west of an imaginary line of longitude running through the eastern part of present-day Brazil belonged to Spain, and everything east to Portugal. Pope Alexander VI, anonymous, 15th century. In partnership with Library of Virginia.
our Redeemer and profession of the Catholic faith their residents and inhabitants,
We have indeed learned that you, who for a long time had intended to seek out and discover certain islands and mainlands remote and unknown and not hitherto discovered by others, to the end that you might bring to the worship of our Redeemer and the profession of the Catholic faith their residents and inhabitants, having been up to the present time greatly engaged in the siege and recovery of the kingdom itself of Granada were unable to accomplish this holy and praiseworthy purpose; but the said kingdom having at length been regained, as was pleasing to the Lord, you, with the wish to fulfill your desire, chose our beloved son, Christopher Columbus, a man assuredly worthy and of the highest recommendations and fitted for so great an undertaking, whom you furnished with ships and men equipped for like designs, not without the greatest hardships, dangers, and expenses, to make diligent quest for these remote and unknown mainlands and islands through the sea, where hitherto no one had sailed; and they at length, with divine aid and with the utmost diligence sailing in the ocean sea, discovered certain very remote islands and even mainlands that hitherto had not been discovered by others; wherein dwell very many peoples living in peace, and, as reported, going unclothed, and not eating flesh.
Let no one therefore, infringe, or interr rash boldness contravene, this our recommendation, exhortation, requisition, gift, grant, assignment, constitution, deputation, decree, mandate, prohibition, and will.
Frances Gardiner Davenport, ed., European Treaties bearing on the The Bull Inter Caetera made headlines again throughout the 1990s and in 2000, when many Catholics petitioned Pope John Paul II to formally revoke it and recognize the human rights of indigenous "non-Christian peoples.". With this proviso however that none of the islands and mainlands, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, beyond that said line towards the west and south, be in the actual possession of any Christian king or prince up to the birthday of our Lord Jesus Christ just past from which the present year one thousand four hundred ninety-three begins. your blood, are laboring to that end; recognizing also that you have long since LIBRO TEORIA GENERAL DE SISTEMAS JOHN P.VAN GIGCH PDF. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917), 61–63. Furthermore, under penalty of excommunication late sententie to be incurred ipso facto, should anyone thus contravene, we strictly forbid all persons of whatsoever rank, even imperial and royal, or of whatsoever estate, degree, order, or condition, to dare, without your special permit or that of your aforesaid heirs and successors, to go for the purpose of trade or any other reason to the islands or mainlands, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, towards the west and south, by drawing and establishing a line from the Arctic pole to the Antarctic pole, no matter whether the mainlands and islands, found and to be found, lie in the direction of India or toward any other quarter whatsoever, the said line to be distant one hundred leagues towards the west and south, as is aforesaid, from any of the islands commonly known as the Azores and Cape Verde; apostolic constitutions and ordinances and other decrees whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding.
Inter caetera “Among other [works]” was a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on the fourth of May quarto nonas maiiwhich granted to the Catholic Majesties of Ferdinand and Isabella as sovereigns of Castile all lands to the “west and south” of a pole-to-pole line leagues west and south of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde islands.
Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, âInter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal to colonize the Americas and its Native peoples as subjects. Once on the island of Hispaniola, Buil saw the effects of the conquistadors and quarreled with Columbus over the harsh treatment of colonists and Indians. 170 Central Park West have known you always to be, and as your illustrious deeds already known to almost All others were forbidden to approach the lands west of the line without special license from the rulers of Spain.
these times with so much glory to the Divine Name in your recovery of the kingdom of
And it is hoped that, were they instructed, the name of the Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, would easily be introduced into the said countries and islands. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish.