In addition to presiding over 1.2 billion Catholics worldwide, the pope is head of the sovereign city-state, Vatican City, which has a population of around 900. [54] There is now no gemstone, and the pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. Cardinal Sarr with a ferraiolo, and wearing a red cassock, but not the rest of the choir dress. Once it’s out there, it’s still there for the taking. [g] These were all appointed cardinal-deacons, but Roberto Tucci and Albert Vanhoye lived long enough to exercise the right of option and be promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest. That old saying has it’s roots in an obscure papal tradition required that the Church ascertain a pope had really died by tapping him on the forehead with a silver hammer and calling out his baptismal name three times. Cardinals were granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244.[2]. Dealing With Change, Even If It’s Positive, On Demand, No Waiting, Astrology Consultations.
He was nearly 80 when he became pontiff in 1679, and he served for six years. It comes with a ton of responsibility.
Hi Elsa I love how you share with us. Four cardinals were elevated to this rank by being "co-opted"; i.e. Today there are close to 150 titular churches, out of over 300 churches in Rome. Are There Any Limitations on the Power of the Pope? "Letter from Rome The Next Stage of Francis's Mission", "Shaping a Legacy, Pope Installs 44 Cardinals", Religion Stylebook: "Cardinals should be referred to conventionally, as in, "University of San Francisco Editorial Style Guide: "On first reference capitalize these titles before the individual's name: Cardinal Timothy Manning, archbishop of Los Angeles, "Associated Press Style Guide: "The preferred form for first reference is ... Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, "Rescriptum of the Holy Father Francis ...", "New papal appointments reflect pope's wish for transparency", "RESCRIPTUM EX AUDIENTIA SS.MI: Rescritto del Santo Padre Francesco con cui ha deciso di cooptare nell'Ordine dei Vescovi, equiparandolo in tutto ai Cardinali insigniti del titolo di una Chiesa suburbicaria, l'Em.mo Cardinale Luis Antonio G. Tagle, 01.05.2020", "Pope promotes Tagle as one of 11 highest ranking cardinals", "Martino diventa cardinale protodiacono (senza "Habemus Papam")", "Pastor Bonus, – John Paul II – Apostolic Constitution (June 28, 1988) – John Paul II", "Mystery Cardinal Will Never Be Able to Join Peers", The College of Cardinals – General Documentazion, Applause and tears in Basilica greet Pontiff, "Instruction on the dress, titles and coat-of-arms of cardinals, bishops and lesser prelates", http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6322/78/1600/SlypyjGalero1.jpg, "Bling!
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. [9] In October 1975 in Romano Pontifici eligendo, he set the maximum number of electors at 120, while establishing no limit on the overall size of the College. As the exclusive electors of the pope (at least since 1179), cardinals were deemed to be the ecclesiastical equivalents of the Holy Roman Empire's 'Prince-Electors,' an extremely elite group with precedence over all other nobility (including archdukes, dukes and counts), who were tasked with the responsibility of electing Holy Roman Emperors.... A decree of 10 June 1630, by Urban VII bestowed the title "His Eminence", historically reserved for high nobility, upon the cardinals, thus elevating them above the 'His Excellency', then being used to refer to Italian princes." When elevated to cardinal priests, they take their precedence according to the day they were first made cardinal deacons (thus ranking above cardinal priests who were elevated to the college after them, regardless of order). The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the "title" churches (the parish churches) of Rome and to the bishops of the seven sees surrounding the city. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches, though the cardinal's name and coat of arms are still posted in the church, and they are expected to celebrate mass and preach there if convenient when they are in Rome. Without such delegation, no ecclesiastical court, even the Roman Rota, is competent to judge a canon law case against a cardinal. Latin is the language of the Catholic Church, and the pope must be fluent in order to conduct official business (day-to-day correspondences are conducted in modern languages).
The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy.
Likewise the Vice-Dean, formerly the second longest serving, is also elected. [4] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king. Several cardinals aged over 80 or close to it when appointed have obtained dispensation from the rule of having to be a bishop. ← Cardinal Control vs Scorpio Control. Later the number increased.